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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00411_Text_re15t.txt
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1997-02-04
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When Joseph Di Lorenzo and I
examined this question,
therefore, we used a large
frame, one subtending a visual
angle of 54 degrees. We found
that the frameΓÇÖs tilt was then
underestimated. That being the
case, it is understandable why
a strong illusion of rod
orientation occurred. If, for
example, a frame tilted by 30
degrees appears to be tilted by
only 20 degrees, then a vertical
rod within it that is displaced
by an angle of 30 degrees from
the frame must appear to be
tilted by 10 degrees in the
direction opposite to that of the
frame. To appear upright,
therefore, the rod would have
to be tilted by 10 degrees toward
the tilted frame. In fact there
was a high correlation between
the underestimation of the
frameΓÇÖs tilt and the illusory tilt
of the rod. Other evidence we
obtained consistently
supported the conclusion that
whatever factor caused the
frame to appear less tilted than
it was also led to a
correspondingly large effect on
the appearance of the rod.
This conclusion about the
rod-and-frame effect is quite
consistent with the strong
effect on perceived body and
object orientation that occurs
when the observer is inside a
tilted room. The underlying
principle seems to be this: A
large structure with
rectangular coordinates tends
to become the surrogate of the
vertical-horizontal coordinate
system of space. But to do so, it
must surround the observer or,
equivalently, it must occupy a
large angle of the visual field.
However, when the observer is
inside the structure, visual
capture seems to be more or less
complete, with the result that
gravity-based information is no
longer a conflicting factor.
When the observer is outside
the structure, some degree of
visual capture undoubtedly
occurs as well. Experiments
have shown that observers
then err in their perception of
how their own bodies are
oriented. But, because the
phenomenon of visual capture
is not complete, there is a
conflict between gravity
information and visual
structure. The outcome is a
compromise. The frame still
looks tilted, but less tilted than
in fact it is.